Historical saras, as authentic patterns in Iranian historical bazaars—particularly Tehran’s 15 Khordad Bazaar—have rarely been examined systematically. This study aims to recognize the spatial organization, access hierarchy, formation patterns, and physical structure of historical saras within Tehran’s 15 Khordad Bazaar, emphasizing their cultural identity capacities. This qualitative research is based on a multiple-case study, comparative analysis, and descriptive statistics of physical indicators. First, saras within the study area were identified and documented. Subsequently, based on field documentation feasibility, verifiable documents, and spatial analysis potential, 12 saras were purposefully selected. Data were organized within a typological framework and evaluated via comparative analysis. Typological findings indicate that access hierarchy comprises three primary groups (linear, multi-axial, indirect) and five sub-types, with the centralized rectangular pattern featuring linear arcaded access being most frequent. In most samples, open space share ranges from 30% to 45%, stories are typically two, and the sectional height-to-width ratio is moderate-to-high. Furthermore, pre-entrances (pish-vorudi) and brickwork were observed. The overall findings demonstrate the pivotal role of the central courtyard in the spatial organization of saras. Despite differences in geometry, circulation, and dimensions, these saras share common patterns: courtyard-oriented organization, centralized structure, linear extensions, controlled access, and transitional spaces, providing a solid basis for conscious conservation and future research.